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Section 1
Addicted to Hate: Identity Residual among Former White Supremacists

Question 1 | Test | Table of Contents

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- Simi, P., Blee, K., Demichele, M., & Windisch, S. (2017). Addicted to Hate: Identity Residual among Former White Supremacists. American Sociological Review, 82(6), 1167–1187. doi: 10.1177/0003122417728719.

Update
Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth:
White Supremacy as a Developmental Context

Moffitt, U., & Rogers, L. O. (2022). Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context. Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence, 32(3), 815–828. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12762

Peer-Reviewed Journal Article References:
Johnson, A., & Jackson Williams, D. (2015). White racial identity, color-blind racial attitudes, and multicultural counseling competence. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21(3), 440–449. 

Liguori, J. B., & Spanierman, L. B. (2021). Walking out on hate: A qualitative investigation of how and why White supremacists quit hate groups. Journal of Counseling Psychology.

Liu, W. M., Liu, R. Z., Garrison, Y. L., Kim, J. Y. C., Chan, L., Ho, Y. C. S., & Yeung, C. W. (2019). Racial trauma, microaggressions, and becoming racially innocuous: The role of acculturation and White supremacist ideology. American Psychologist, 74(1), 143–155.

Mascolo, M. F. (2017). The transformation of a White supremacist: A dialectical-developmental analysis. Qualitative Psychology, 4(3), 223–242.

Spanierman, L. B., Clark, D. A., & Kim, Y. (2021). Reviewing racial microaggressions research: Documenting targets’ experiences, harmful sequelae, and resistance strategies. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(5), 1037–1059.

QUESTION 1
Scholars use the term "Disengagement" to describe physical and psychological withdrawal from particular identities or roles. What is the reason white supremacists disengage? To select and enter your answer go to Test.