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Section 8
Hatred Based on the Person’s Actual or Perceived,
Color, Ancestry, or Religion

Question 8 | Test | Table of Contents

National Criminal Justice Reference Service

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National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Hate Crime. New Orleans Police Department Operations Manual, May 7, 2017, p. 1-7.

Update
Religion and Hate Crime Victimisation:
A Representative Study of Young People in Finland

Litvak, S., Kivivuori, J., & Kaakinen, M. (2023). Religion and Hate Crime Victimisation: A Representative Study of Young People in Finland. International Criminology, 3(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43576-022-00079-6

Peer-Reviewed Journal Article References:
Conkel-Ziebell, J. L., Gushue, G. V., & Turner, S. L. (2019). Anticipation of racism and sexism: Factors related to setting career goals for urban youth of color. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 66(5), 588–599.

Lemay, E. P., Jr., & Teneva, N. (2020). Accuracy and bias in perceptions of racial attitudes: Implications for interracial relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(6), 1380–1402.

Sugarman, D. B., Nation, M., Yuan, N. P., Kuperminc, G. P., Hassoun Ayoub, L., & Hamby, S. (2018). Hate and violence: Addressing discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Psychology of Violence, 8(6), 649–656.

QUESTION 8
What is the important note when identifying hate crimes? To select and enter your answer go to Test.