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Section 13
Bias Crime Assessment: A Tool and Guidelines

Question 13 | Test | Table of Contents

National Criminal Justice Reference Service

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- Vera Institute of Justice (August 2018). Bias Crime Assessment: A Tool and Guidelines for Law Enforcement and Concerned Communities. National Criminal Justice Reference Service, p. 1-18.
Reviewed 2023

Update
Hate crimes against LGBT people: National Crime Victimization Survey, 2017-2019

Flores, A. R., Stotzer, R. L., Meyer, I. H., & Langton, L. L. (2022). Hate crimes against LGBT people: National Crime Victimization Survey, 2017-2019. PloS one, 17(12), e0279363. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279363

Peer-Reviewed Journal Article References:
Cuevas, C. A., Farrell, A., McDevitt, J., Robles, J., Lockwood, S., Geisler, I., Van Westendorp, J., Temple, J., & Zhang, S. (2021). Hate crime and bias victimization of Latinx adults: Rates from a multisite community sample. Psychology of Violence, 11(6), 529–538.

Fine, A., Simmons, C., Cavanagh, C., Rowan, Z., & Cauffman, E. (2020). Implications of youths’ perceptions of police bias and the code of the street for violent offending. Psychology of Violence, 10(5), 473–482.

Mulvey, K. L., Hoffman, A. J., Gönültaş, S., Hope, E. C., & Cooper, S. M. (2018). Understanding experiences with bullying and bias-based bullying: What matters and for whom? Psychology of Violence, 8(6), 702–711.

QUESTION 13
What are the various reasons Victims of hate incidents and crimes tend not to report the offenses? To select and enter your answer go to Test.