Questions:
1.
To characterize a potential third party victim for which you have the Duty to Warn, what victim descriptions can be used?
2.
If an Emergency Communications Division receives a call from a mental health professional (as defined under Evidence Code section 1010), including other persons such as nurses and support staff members who call on the behalf of the mental health professional, who is reporting a threat that falls under the Tarasoff decision, the person taking the call must follow what steps?
3.
In Oklahoma, the duty to warn is not based primarily on the practitioner’s observance of explicit patient conduct, but rather on what?
4.
Under what circumstances, even where danger is NOT imminent, does HIPAA permit a covered provider to communicate with a patient’s family members, or others involved in the patient’s care, to be on watch or ensure compliance with medication regimens?
5.
In what context do forensic experts use the term "leakage"?
6.
Most of the attackers in this study (n = 28, 80%) were bullied by their classmates. A 16-year-old student shot and injured his classmate and a teacher. Prior to the attack, the attacker had sought help from a teacher after being bullied. What was the teacher's response?
7.
What were the common themes found among the concerning behaviors that were displayed by school shooters?
8.
What are the basic objectives of Psychological First Aid, PFA?
9.
After the active shooter has been incapacitated and is no longer a threat, human resources and/or management should engage in post-event assessments and activities. What should these assessments include?
10.
Psychosocial resource loss following a campus shooting was common, with 93.5% of participants reporting some degree of resource loss. On average, participants reported some loss for 4 of the 16 types of resources assessed. What were the most frequently reported lost resources?
11.
Describe the phases of behavioral and mental health reactions to mass violence?
12.
Violence may affect the child’s trust in adults. In what ways do children commonly implicate themselves related to an instance of trauma or violence?
13.
What are some steps to facilitate the long-term recovery process following an active shooter incident?
14.
In the case study scenario where a team member took a phone call from a supervisor who was cited as saying, "One of my employees said this morning that he knows where my kids go to school." What were areas should be explored in that situation?
15.
For the case study where the employee had stated in the therapy session he was, “Spending his evenings planning revenge on his managers because they had treated him unfairly for many years and they deserved to be punished”. What action did the therapist take?
16.
In thinking about an organization’s recovery, there is a temptation to focus narrowly on care-giving responses such as debriefings and counseling. Essential as these services are, they are only part of the picture. What actions of the manager or EPA can play a vital role in helping or hindering recovery?
17.
The Critical Incident Stress Debriefings (CISD) model assists the victims of critical incidents with their recovery process. The Phases are (1) Introductory Phase, (2) Fact Phase, (3) Thought Phase, (4) Reaction Phase, (5) Symptom Phase, (6) Teaching Phase, and (7) Re-entry Phase. What are participants asked to discuss in the ”Thought Phase” and “Reaction Phase”?
18.
What are the next steps you can take to confront your, or your client’s, implicit biases and reduce stereotypic thinking regarding:
1. Counter-stereotypic imaging 2. Individuating
3. Perspective-taking
19.
On online platforms the Buffalo shooter found a community of hate that warped his worldview with racist conspiracy theories, pseudoscience, and cult worshipping of past mass murderers. What online platforms were investigated by the Office of the New York State Attorney General to have been used in some way to spread graphic content arising from the shooting?
20.
Through forums which allow postings packaging white supremacy, xenophobia, and racism in a medley of crude jokes, coded cultural references, and meaningless content, what are users enabled to do?
21.
"Trust needs" include "self-trust" and "other trust" and reflect an individual’s ability to trust her or his own perceptions and beliefs, as well as to trust others’ ability to meet his or her emotional, psychological, and physical needs. What is the reason a professional’s inherent trust needs make him or her vulnerable to vicarious trauma?
22.
Professionals affected by secondary traumatic stress and related conditions, such as vicarious trauma, experience a variety of symptoms that may affect all aspects of daily life, including negative changes in beliefs about themselves, others, and their work. What are other examples of these symptoms?
|
Answers:
A. -Confirm the location of the subject.
-Verify the identity of the reporting party.
-Obtain as much information about the victim and the suspect as possible.
-Assess the call for the level of danger or potential for danger.
B. -Reasonably Identifiable Victim or Victims; Clearly Identifiable Victims.
-Persons within a “zone of risk”– i.e., parents or others in foreseeable area of danger. -Specific person or persons; specific clearly identified or identifiable potential victim, endangered person.
-Others, Society, Third party without requirement of identifiability; Another individual, or not specified.
C. The family member's can be communicated with as long as the patient has been provided an opportunity to agree or object to the disclosure and no objection has been made.
D. The need to predict a patient’s dangerousness based upon historical record and review of a patient’s violent past.
E. The attacker was told to “man up.” The attacker’s mother later called the school about the bullying, but there is no evidence that school officials took any action to intervene. The only intervention occurred after the attacker got into a fistfight with his bullies, after which the attacker was suspended. At his trial after the shooting, several classmates testified that the attacker had been relentlessly bullied and teased.
F. In explaining that 80% of shooters tell someone before they initiate the incident; 62% tell more than one person. It is important to know that warning signs alone do not mean that someone is planning a violent act. But when several warning signs accumulate over time it can mean that someone is on a pathway toward violence.
G. - Establish a human connection in a non-intrusive, compassionate manner.
- Enhance immediate and ongoing safety and provide physical and emotional comfort. - Calm and orient emotionally overwhelmed or distraught survivors.
- Help survivors specifically discuss what their immediate needs and concerns are and gather additional information as appropriate; offer practical assistance and information to help survivors address their immediate needs and concerns. - Connect survivors as soon as possible to social support networks, including family members, friends, and neighbors.
- Support adaptive coping, acknowledge coping efforts and strengths, and empower survivors; encourage adults, children, and families to take an active role in their recovery.
- Provide information that may help survivors cope effectively with the psychological impact of disasters.
- When appropriate, link the survivor to another member of a disaster response team or to local recovery systems, mental health services, public sector services, and organizations.
H. -Threats to the target or others, and/or intent to attack -Intense or escalating anger -Interest in weapons
-Sadness, depression, or isolation
-Changes in behavior or appearance
-Suicide and/or self-harm -Interest in violence
-Talking about being bullied -Poor grades or attendance -Harassing others
I. Motivation to get things done (52%), time for adequate sleep (50%), feeling that your life is peaceful (47%), and a sense of optimism (40%).
J. - An accounting of all individuals at a designated assembly point to determine who, if anyone, is missing and potentially injured.
- Determining a method for notifying families of individuals affected by the active shooter, including notification of any casualties.
- Assessing the psychological state of individuals at the scene, and referring them to health care specialists accordingly.
- Identifying and filling any critical personnel or operational gaps left in the organization as a result of the active shooter.
K. They view themselves as having caused or worsened the incident, which might result in feelings of shame and guilt as well as self-blame.
L. - Acute : Characterized by denial, shock, and disbelief. In this stage, behavioral health officials can help survivors by providing them with resources and information. Mental health interventions such as Psychological First Aid, debriefing, accelerated resolution therapy, skills for psychological recovery, and social support are most useful at this stage (Finnegan et al., 2016; Wade et al.,2014).
- Intermediate : Characterized by fear, anger, anxiety, transient panic, retaliatory attacks, difficulty paying attention at work or school, depressed feelings, and disturbed sleep.
- Long-term : Characterized by coming to terms with realities, with alternate periods of adjustment and relapse. This is the period when untreated behavioral health reactions might solidify into illnesses that would need specialized mental health or substance use disorder-related attention.
M. - What further background information can be learned about the relationship between the supervisor and alleged threatener?
- What is the relationship between the supervisor and his other employees and coworkers?
- Have there been problems of a similar nature with the alleged threatener’s previous supervisors? If so, how were they resolved?
N. -Depending on the severity of the particular event, ensure that employees (and all affected by the incident) are aware of the need to pace themselves. Encourage them to take breaks and rest periods when possible. -Anniversaries also are an opportunity for individuals to reconnect with former coworkers. Organizations should consider facilitating reunions. -Beware that fraudulent requests for donations may come from in-person solicitations, telephone, email, or social media.
O. -The way the manager or EPA:
- conveys information,
- schedules responsibilities,
- sets priorities,
- monitors employee performance after a violent incident.
P. As soon as the employee left her office, the therapist called the psychiatrist and asked whether he viewed the employee’s statement as a threat. The psychiatrist said he believed it was a serious threat and recommended that she take immediate action. The EAP counselor called the police and agency officials and informed them about the situation
Q. - Remember or imagine someone from a stereotyped group who does not fit the stereotype.
- See each person as an individual, not a group member; pay attention to things about them besides the stereotypes of their group.
- Imagine the perspective of someone from your own (“Put yourself in the other person’s shoes.”)
R. Participants are asked what their first thoughts were concerning the incident. The thought phase begins to personalize the experience for the participants. This is the first phase in which some participants may exhibit some reluctance to share.
And “what was the worst part of the event for them, personally.” This phase generally causes participants to begin exploring some of their deeper, personal responses to the event.
S. Disseminate more direct, explicitly bigoted, pseudo-factual appeals to violence while maintaining a veneer that the content is “just a joke” and was never meant to be taken seriously.
T. -4chan, an anonymous imageboard and online forum similar to a bulletin board system that centers around the posting of images. 4chan is organized by a number of boards, with each board covering a topic area. For instance, the board entitled “Politically Incorrect” is usually referred to as “/pol/”.
-Discord is a text and voice chat platform which optionally allows its users to share their screen or livestream video. The company’s history lies in connecting video game players; it is still frequently used in the gaming community, but is used now by many kinds of communities, organizations, and individuals to connect with each other, including law firms, university classes, and others. -Reddit is an aggregation and discussion site distinguished by the use of user-created boards referred to as “subreddits,” each with its own subject matter. -Twitch is an online platform owned by Amazon and built largely for interactive livestreaming.
U. -Hypervigilance -Poor Boundaries -Avoidance -Inability to Empathize/Numbing -Addictions -Chronic Exhaustion/Physical Ailments -Minimizing -Anger and Cynicism -Feelings of Professional Inadequacy
V. The exposure to repeated client trauma shakes the trusting foundations upon which a professional's world rests. |
