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Child Welfare Information Gateway. Definitions of child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children’s Bureau, 2016, p. 1-4, 13-15.
Update
Child Abuse and Neglect
Gonzalez, D., Bethencourt Mirabal, A., & McCall, J. D. (2022). Child Abuse and Neglect. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Peer-Reviewed Journal Article References:
Augusti, E.-M., Baugerud, G. A., Sulutvedt, U., & Melinder, A. (2018). Maltreatment and trauma symptoms: Does type of maltreatment matter? Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 10(4), 396–401.
Gershoff, E. T., Goodman, G. S., Miller-Perrin, C. L., Holden, G. W., Jackson, Y., & Kazdin, A. E. (2018). The strength of the causal evidence against physical punishment of children and its implications for parents, psychologists, and policymakers.American Psychologist, 73(5), 626–638.
Milaniak, I., & Widom, C. S. (2015). Does child abuse and neglect increase risk for perpetration of violence inside and outside the home?Psychology of Violence, 5(3), 246–255.
"Treating adult survivors of childhood emotional abuse and neglect: A new framework": Correction to Grossman et al. (2017) (2017). American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 87(3), 225.
Sousa, C., Mason, W. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Prince, D., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Russo, M. J. (2018). Direct and indirect effects of child abuse and environmental stress: A lifecourse perspective on adversity and depressive symptoms.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 88(2), 180–188.
QUESTION 7 What is Severe Physical Abuse? To select and enter your answer go to Test.